Corrosion resistance of stainless steel is closely related to the formation conditions of passivation film. The effects of film⁃formation potentials on the characteristics and electronic structure of passivation films on 2205 duplex stainless steel surface in 3.5% NaCl solution were explored by potentiodynamic polarization technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscope, and Mott⁃Schottky methods. The results show that with the increase in film⁃formation potential, the passivation film is first porous and then becomes dense. However, under the film⁃formation potential of 0.90 V, the passivation film finally underwent an additional porous structure process. With the increase of film⁃formation potential, donor density and acceptor density in passivation film increase, and the formation rate of passivation film increase. However, the adsorption of erosive anion is also promoted by the increase of film⁃formation potential. The defects and porosity of the outer layer of passivation film increase with the increase of potential, which led to the increase of passivation film thickness. The compactness of the inner layer of the passivation film is the best under the film⁃forming potential of 0.60 V(SCE). With the increase of the potential to 0.90 V(SCE), the inner layer oxide becomes porous, the compactness of the passivation film degraded, and the rupture risk of the passivated film is the highest.

Condensation point and pour point indicated with temperature, which were conditional indexes, were temperature cut off point at which the physical state of crude oil was shifted. The pour point was viewed as an important parameter to measure the cold flow properties of crude oil and crude oil temperature control in China. In order to in depth understanding of the mechanism of the microstructure of waxy crude oil, it was necessary for the waxy crude oil condensation point/pour point crude oil composition and microstructure to study the relationships. The pour point experiments of six typical waxy crude oils of Daqing were made, and the experimental laws were summarized, and gray system theory directional correlation was used to analyze the influence of wax crystal morphology/structure and composition of crude oil condensation point/pour point. The long-distance transportation of crude oil in the process flow was improved.

At present, the derivative financial instrument to accounting information disclosure quality is not optimistic. Because the development of derivative market in China is not mature, the relevant rules formulated should be improved. Firstly, the influencing factors on the quality of the derivative financial instrument to accounting information disclosure were researched .Secondly, the relationship between the influencing factors and disclosure quality was determined based on the analysis. Finally, the results made enterprises improve the quality of derivative financial instruments to accounting information disclosure and stakeholders support the proper use of derivative financial instruments accounting information.

The X70 and X80 steel electrochemical specimens were soaked shortly in NS4 solution which was simulated as a typical neutral soil environment. After that, ulcerlike, loose and easilyfalling rust spots were found on them. Shallow corrosion pits occurred in larger rust spots. The electrochemical behaviors of specimens were investigated with polarization curve method and electrochemical impedance scan method. The results show that the rust spot increased corrosion trend of metals and accelerated the corrosion rate. This was due to the imperfection and separation of the early rust spots reduced the metalenvironmental polarization resistance. The roughness of the surface increased the working area of the specimens and the corrosion current.